Chinese researchers have demonstrated a potential vulnerability in classical cryptography, which forms the backbone of security in banking and military applications, through the use of quantum computers. Employing a D-Wave quantum computer, they have pioneered an attack on cryptographic algorithms, specifically targeting the substitution–permutation network (SPN) structures integral to RSA and AES standards.
Their research, detailed in a paper titled *Quantum Annealing Public Key Cryptographic Attack Algorithm Based on D-Wave Advantage*, explores two novel approaches using quantum annealing algorithms. The first approach exclusively utilizes D-Wave’s quantum capabilities to solve complex optimization and exponential space search problems through Ising and QUBO models. The second approach blends classical cryptographic methods, such as the Schnorr signature algorithm and Babai rounding technique, with quantum annealing to enhance computational power beyond traditional limits.
Led by Wang Chao from Shanghai University, the team’s work suggests that the robustness of AES-256 and similar encryption methods might be compromised sooner than anticipated due to these quantum-assisted techniques. Despite the potential implications, detailed specifics were withheld due to the sensitivity of the findings.
This development underscores the pressing need for advancements in cryptographic standards. Recognizing this, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is actively evaluating post-quantum cryptographic algorithms that could withstand future quantum computing threats.
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